دول العالم
قلبي هو وطني
كل مكان انت فيه هو وطنك
الغنى في الغربة وطن .. والفقر في الوطن غربه
لم يعد الصمت ممكنا.. و .. اذا لم تعجبك حياتك غيرها
To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild flower
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour
Europe and the Mediterranean
59 countries and territories
- West of the Ural Mountains in the Eurasian continent;
- West of the Caspian Sea;
- Islands in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans;
- Islands in the Mediterranean Sea.
| Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aland Islands | 1921 | Mariehamn | Dependency (Finland) | Swedish | |
| Albania | 1912 | Tirane | Republic | Albanian | |
| Andorra | 1278 | Andorra La Vella | Republic | Catalan | |
| Armenia | 190BC 1991 |
Yerevan | Republic | Armenian Azeri |
|
| Austria | 1919 | Austria-Hungary | Vienna | Federal Republic | German |
| Azerbaijan | 1991 | Baku | Republic | Azeri | |
| Belarus | 1991 | Byelorussia | Minsk | One Party State | Belarussian |
| Belgium | 1830 | Spanish Netherlands | Brussels | Constitutional Monarchy | French Flemish |
| Bosnia-Hercegovina | 1994 | Yugoslavia Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire |
Sarajevo | Republic | Croatian Serbian |
| Bulgaria | 681 | Sofia | Republic | Bulgarian Turkish |
|
| Croatia | Yugoslavia Austria-Hungary |
Zagreb | Republic | Croatian | |
| Cyprus | 1960 | Nicosia | Republic | Greek Turkish |
|
| Czech Republic | 1993 | Czechoslovakia Austia-Hungary |
Prague | Republic | Czech |
| Denmark | c950 | Copenhagan | Constitutional Monarchy | Danish | |
| Estonia | 1918 | Tallinn | Republic | Estonian Russian |
|
| Faeroe Islands | Torshavn | Dependency (Denmark) | Faeroes | ||
| Finland | 1917 | Helsinki | Republic | Finnish Swedish |
|
| France | 486 | Frankish Kingdom West Frankish Kingdom |
Paris | Republic | French Provencial Breton Basque German |
| Georgia | c500BC | Tbilisi | Republic | Georgian | |
| Germany | 1871 | Frankish Kingdom East Frankish Kingdom Holy Roman Empire |
Berlin | Federal Republic | German Sorbian Danish |
| Gibraltar | 1713 | Gibraltar | Colony (UK) | English Spanish |
|
| Greece | c1000BC 1830 |
Athens | Republic | Greek Turkish |
|
| Greenland | Nuuk | Dependency (Denmark) | |||
| Guernsey | St Peter Port | Dependency (UK) | |||
| Hungary | c1000 | Austria-Hungary | Budapest | Republic | Hungarian |
| Iceland | 930 | Reykjavik | Republic | Icelandic | |
| Ireland | 1921 | Dublin | Republic | English Gaelic |
|
| Isle of Man | Douglas | Dependency (UK) | |||
| Italy | 1861 | Rome | Republic | Italian Sardinian |
|
| Jan Mayen | Colony (Norway) | ||||
| Jersey | St Helier | Dependency (UK) | |||
| Kosova | 2008 | Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia |
Pristina | Republic | Albanian Serbian |
| Latvia | 1920 | Riga | Republic | Latvian | |
| Lichtenstein | Vaduz | Principality | German | ||
| Lithuania | 1009 1918 |
Prussia | Vilnius | Republic | Lithuanian |
| Luxembourg | 1815 | Luxembourg City | Dutchy | German | |
| Macedonia | Yugoslavia Ottoman Empire |
Skopje | Republic | Macedonian | |
| Malta | 1964 | Valletta | Republic | Maltese English |
|
| Moldova | 1991 | Moldavia Bessarabia |
Chisinau | Republic | Moldavian |
| Monaco | 1215 | Monaco | Principality | French | |
| Montenegro | 2006 | Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia Ottoman Empire |
Podgorica | Republic | Serbian |
| Netherlands | 1579 | Amsterdam | Constitutional Monarchy | Dutch Frisian |
|
| Norway | c800 1905 |
Oslo | Constitutional Monarchy | Norwegian | |
| Poland | 966 | Warsaw | Republic | Polish Kashubian |
|
| Portugal | 1143 | Lisbon | Republic | Portuguese | |
| Romania | 1878 | Wallachia Moldavia |
Bucharest | Republic | Romanian Hungarian |
| Russia | 862 | Soviet Union | Moscow | Federal Republic | Russian many others |
| San Marino | 301 | San Marino | Republic | Italian | |
| Serbia | 2006 | Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia Ottoman Empire |
Belgrade | Republic | Serbian |
| Slovakia | 1993 | Czechoslovakia Austia-Hungary |
Bratislava | Republic | Slovak Hungarian |
| Slovenia | 1990 | Yugoslavia Austria-Hungary |
Ljubljana | Republic | Slovene |
| Spain | 1492 | Castille Aragon Navarre |
Madrid | Constitutional Monarchy | Spanish Catalan Basque Galician |
| Svalbard | Longyearbyen | Dependency (Norway) | |||
| Sweden | c1050 | Stockholm | Constitutional Monarchy | Swedish | |
| Switzerland | 1291 | Bern | Federal Republic | German French Italian Romansh |
|
| Turkey | 1923 | Ottoman Empire Byzantine Empire |
Ankara | Republic | Turkish Kurdish Arabic |
| Ukraine | 1991 | Soviet Union | Kiev | Republic | Ukrainian Russian |
| United Kingdom | 1801 | England Scotland Wales |
London | Constitutional Monarchy | English Welsh Gaelic |
| Vatican City | c330 1927 |
Papal States | Vatican City | Theocracy | Italian |
Asia and the Indian Ocean
45 countries and territories
- East of the Ural Mountains of the Eurasian continent;
- Islands off the east and south coast ;
- Islands in the central regions of the Indian Ocean.
| Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 1747 | Kabul | No effective government | Farsi Pashto Uzbek |
|
| Bahrain | 1971 | Manama | Absolute Monarchy | Arabic | |
| Bangladesh | 1971 | East Pakistan | Dhaka | Republic | Bengali Urdu |
| Bhutan | Thimphu | Theocratic Monarchy | Jonkha | ||
| British Indian Ocean Territory | Diego Garcia | Colony (UK) | |||
| Brunei | c650 | Bandar Seri Begawan | Absolute Monarchy | Malay | |
| Burma (Myanmar) | 1948 | Rangoon | Military Dictatorship | Burmese Karen Shan |
|
| Cambodia | c800 | Kampuchea | Phnom Penh | Republic | Khmer French Vietnamese |
| China | c1500BC | Carthay | Beijing | One Party State | Mandarin Cantonese Fukien Wu Tibetan Uigur |
| East Timor | 2002 | Dili | Republic | Portuguese | |
| India | c2500BC 1948 |
Moghul Empire | New Delhi | Federal Republic | Hindi Urdu Punjabi Kashmiri Gujarati Bengali Assamese Oriya Marathi Kannada Telugu Tamil Malayalam English many others |
| Indonesia | c400 | East Indes | Jakarta | Republic | Indonesian Javanese Sundanese Madurese Minagkabau Achinese Batak Buginese many others |
| Iran | c6000BC | Persia | Tehran | Theocratic Republic | Farsi Baluchi Kurdish Azeri Armenian |
| Iraq | 1922 | Mesopotamia Babylonia Assyria |
Baghdad | No effective government | Arabic Kurdish |
| Israel | c800BC 1948 |
Palestine Ottoman Empire Judea |
Tel Aviv | Republic | Hebrew Arabic English Russian |
| Japan | c600BC | Tokyo | Constitutional Monarchy | Japanese Ainu |
|
| Jordan | 1922 | Transjordan Ottoman Empire Moab |
Amman | Monarchy | Arabic |
| Kazakhstan | 1991 | Astana | One Party State | Kazakh | |
| Kuwait | 1922 | Ottoman Empire Arabia |
Kuwait City | Absolute Monarchy | Arabic |
| Kyrgyzstan | 1991 | Bishtek | One Party State | Kirgiz Uzbek |
|
| Laos | 1353 | Vientiane | One Party State | Lao | |
| Lebanon | 1920 | Ottoman Empire Phoenicia |
Beirut | One Party State | Arabic French Armenian |
| Malaysia | 1957 | Malaya | Kuala Lumpur | Federal Monarchy | Malay |
| Maldives | 1965 | Male | Maldivian | ||
| Mongolia | 1203 | Ulaan Baatar | Republic | Mongolian Kazakh |
|
| Nepal | c1770 | Gorkha Kingdom | Kathmandu | Monarchy | Nepalese Bihari Newari Tibetan Murmi |
| North Korea | c2330BC 1945 |
Korea | Pyongyang | One Party State | Korean |
| Oman | 1970 | Muscat and Oman Arabia |
Muscat | Absolute Monarchy | Arabic |
| Pakistan | 1948 | West Pakistan | Islamabad | Republic | Urdu Kashmiri Pashto Baluchi Sindhi |
| Papua New Guinea | 1949 | Port Moresby | Republic | Pidgin English many others |
|
| Philippines | 1521 | Manila | Republic | Tagalog English Cebuano Hiligaynon Samaran Ilocano many others |
|
| Qatar | 1971 | Arabia | Doha | Monarchy | Arabic |
| Saudi Arabia | c1750 | Ottoman Empire Hejaz Arabia |
Riyadh | Theocratic Monarchy | Arabic |
| South Korea | c2300BC 1945 |
Korea | Seoul | Republic | Korean |
| Singapore | 1965 | Malaya | Singapore | Republic | Mandarin Malay Tamil English |
| Sri Lanka | 1948 | Ceylon | Colombo | Republic | Sinhalese Tamil |
| Syria | c2500BC 1920 |
United Arab Republic | Damascus | One Party State | Arabic Kurdish Armenian |
| Taiwan | 1945 | Formosa | Taipei | Mandarin | |
| Tajikistan | 1991 | Dushanbe | One Party State | Tadzhik Kyrgyz |
|
| Thailand | c1200 | Siam | Bangkok | Monarchy | Thai Mandarin Malay Khmer |
| Turkmenistan | 1991 | Ashgabat | One Party State | Turkmen | |
| United Arab Emirates | 1971 | Trucial States | Abu Dhabi | Federal Monarchy | Arabic |
| Uzbekistan | c1300 1991 |
Tashkent | One Party State | Uzbek Tajik |
|
| Vietnam | 1945 1975 |
North Vietnam South Vietnam |
Hanoi | One Party State | Vietnamese |
| Yemen | 1918 | Aden North Yemen South Yemen |
Sanaa | One Party State | Arabic |
Africa
55 countries and territories
- The continent of Africa;
- Associated islands close to the continent.
| Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | 1962 | Maghreb | Algiers | Military Dictatorship | Arabic French Kabyle |
| Angola | 1975 | Luanda | One Party State | Mbundu Portuguese Kongo |
|
| Benin | Dahomey | Porto-Novo | Republic | Fon French |
|
| Botswana | 1966 | Bechuanaland | Gaborone | Republic | Tswana English Bushmen |
| Burkina Faso | 1919 | Upper Volta | Ouagadougou | More French |
|
| Burundi | Bujumbura | One Party State | Rundi French |
||
| Cameroon | 1960 | Yaounde | Military Dictatorship | Fang Bulu Yaunde Fulani English French |
|
| Cape Verde | Praia | Republic | Portuguese | ||
| Central African Republic | Bangui | Republic | Sango French Gbaya Banda |
||
| Chad | 1920 | N’Djamena | One Party State | Sara Arabic French |
|
| Comoros | Moroni | One Party State | Comoran French Arabic |
||
| Congo (Brazzaville) | Brazzaville | One Party State | Lingala Kongo French |
||
| Congo | Zaire | Kinshasa | No effective government | Kingwana Luba Kongo Lingala French many others |
|
| Djibouti | 1977 | Afars and Issas | Djibouti | Republic | Arabic Afar Somali French |
| Egypt | c3000BC | United Arab Republic | Cairo | One Party State | Arabic |
| Equatorial Guinea | Malabo | Military Dictatorship | Fang Spanish |
||
| Eritrea | 1993 | Asmara | One Party State | Tigrinya Tigre |
|
| Ethiopia | c500BC | Abassynia | Addis Ababa | Republic | Amharic Tigrinya Galla Sidamo Somali English many others |
| Gabon | 1839 | Libreville | One Party State | Fang French many others |
|
| Gambia | Banjul | Military Dictatorship | Wolof Malinke English |
||
| Ghana | 1957 | Gold Coast | Accra | Republic | Twi Fanti Ewe English |
| Guinea | Conakry | One Party State | Fulani Malinke French |
||
| Guinea-Bissaau | 1446 | Bissau | Republic | Balante Fulani Portuguese |
|
| Ivory Coast | Abidjan | One Party State | Dyula French many others |
||
| Kenya | 1885 | East Africa | Nairobi | Republic | Swahili English Kikuyu Kamba Luo |
| Lesotho | 1818 | Basutoland | Maseru | Republic | Sotho English |
| Liberia | Monrovia | No effective government | Kpelle English |
||
| Libya | 1934 | Tripoli | One Party State | Arabic Tamashek |
|
| Malagasy Republic | 1958 | Madagascar | Antananarivo | Republic | Malagasay |
| Malawi | Nyasaland | Lilongwe | Republic | Nyanja English Yao |
|
| Mali | 1960 | Soudan | Bamako | Republic | Bambara Fulani Soninke Malinke French many others |
| Mauritania | Nouakchott | Military Dictatorship | Arabic French |
||
| Mauritius | Port Louis | Republic | French English |
||
| Mayotte | Mamoudzou | Colony (France) | |||
| Morocco | 1649 | Maghreb | Rabat | Monarchy | Arabic Shluh Tamazight Riffian French |
| Mozambique | Maputo | Republic | Makua Tsonga Portuguese |
||
| Namibia | 1989 | South West Africa | Windhoek | Republic | Ambo English Afrikaans German many others |
| Niger | 1922 | Niamey | Republic | Hausa DjermaFulani French |
|
| Nigeria | Abuja | Republic | Hausa Yoruba Ibo Fulani Kanuri Efik English many others |
||
| Reunion | Saint-Denis | Colony (France) | French | ||
| Rwanda | 1915 | Kigali | One Party State | Ruanda French Swahili |
|
| Sao Tome & Principe | Sao Tome | Republic | Portuguese | ||
| Senegal | 1959 | Dakar | Republic | Wolof French Fulani |
|
| Seychelles | Victoria | Republic | French English |
||
| Sierra Leone | 1787 | Freetown | Republic | Mende Temne English |
|
| Somalia | 1886 | Somaliland | Mogadishu | No effective government | Somali |
| South Africa | 1910 | Pretoria | Republic | English Afrikaans Xhosa Zulu Tswana Sotho Pedi Swazi many others |
|
| Sudan | 1899 | Khartoum | No effective government | Arabic Nubian Beja Dinka |
|
| Swaziland | 1968 | Mbabana | Monarchy | Swazi English |
الأوسمة: دول
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